With summer at an end, we’ve got the scoop on everything you need to know about sun protection as the seasons change.

 Although shopping for your perfect sunscreen can be a little overwhelming – given the thousands of options on the market – the real trick is knowing how different sun protection products work and what their benefits are. To help you get started, here’s a quick rundown: 

The Formula: Mineral vs. Chemical Sunscreens

The job of any sun protection product is to keep harmful UV rays from being absorbed by the skin, but how this is accomplished depends on the ingredients. The two primary types of sunscreen formulas are mineral or chemical, and, in some cases, an SPF product may offer both types of protection.

Chemical sun protection products feature active ingredients like oxybenzone, avobenzone, octinoxate, octocrylene, octisalate, homosalate, or some combination of these. Rather than deflecting UV like a physical sunscreen, chemical formulas work by absorbing UV radiation and converting it into heat before it is able to reach the deeper layers of the epidermis.

With chemical sunscreens, one advantage is that they are easily absorbed and less product is required to provide protection. However, a disadvantage is that some chemical formulas don’t provide adequate UVA protection. They may also not be appropriate for those with rosacea, hyperpigmented, or acne prone skin types, due to their potential to increase heat in the skin.

It’s also worth noting that some individuals may be allergic or sensitive to chemical sunscreen ingredients. If you notice symptoms such as hives, rash, itching, raised bumps, or a stinging sensation after applying an SPF product, these are all signs of a sunscreen allergy, and you may wish to opt for a mineral-based formula instead.

Mineral sunscreens use ingredients like titanium dioxide and/or zinc dioxide to physically block UV from penetrating the skin, and they are naturally broad spectrum, meaning they block both UVA and UVB rays. That said, one downside of mineral sunscreens is that they are designed to sit on the surface of the skin and as a result, tend to leave more of a white cast.

The Format: Sunscreen Types to Try

Even once you’ve narrowed down your formula preference, the possibilities are still pretty endless. Some of the most popular sunscreen options today include:

• Creams: The most well-known type of SPF product will be creams, which work well for all over coverage, including the face. They’re also a great choice for dry skin types, as they often contain other moisturizing and hydrating components.
•  Gels: Gel sunscreens feature a lighter formula, but work well for those with oily skin. They can also be used over areas with hair such as the scalp, back, or chest.
• Solid Sticks: Similar to a deodorant stick, solid sunscreen formulas can be rolled on anywhere you need sun protection, and are perfect for precise application, in small areas – such as around the eyes.
  
• Spray: Spray-on SPF products are some of the most versatile, and are convenient to apply on-the-go. They are a popular choice for re-applying sun protection over makeup, or for parents who want an easy way to keep small children covered.
•  Powders: Mineral-based powder sunscreens can be an excellent option for preventing the sticky or oily feel of some SPF products. Most powders are translucent and can be brushed onto the skin just like a makeup powder.

Other Important Things To Look For

Although your go-to sunscreen should be chosen according to your preference for formula and format, a few universal rules still apply. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, your sun protection product of choice should provide the following:

• Broad Spectrum Protection: Products labeled “broad spectrum” are best, as they are designed to protect against both UVA and UVB rays.
• SPF 30 or more: A product’s SPF number measures the amount of protection provided. Experts recommend a sun protection factor of 30 or higher, regardless of your skin type.
• Water Resistance: If you expect to sweat or be in water, look for water proof formulas, otherwise, your SPF coverage may be easily rinsed away or become less effective.